Stability defines - Can both be added as the negative effect (sub-50% stability) or positive effect (pro-50% stability).Laws - Works the same as ideas, and can have the same modifiers.Advisors - Works the same as ideas, and can have the same modifiers.Events - If the event gives an idea with modifiers in it, or unlocks hidden research.Terrain - All terrains give different bonuses that can be changed.National focus - If the focus gives an idea with modifiers in it, or unlocks hidden research (such as with Jungle Training from TfV India).Modifiers can be gained through every static or dynamic token that persists over time: Modifiers are not a one-time use command and need something to apply them. Everything from research speed to army organisation can be changed. A modifier is something that can affect your nation in many different ways.